中学生百科英语的前言 《中学生百科英语1》文章的翻译
Lesson 1 Music and Behavior
Where did you go yesterday? Did you hear music at any of those places? There is a good change that you did. Today most stores and restaurants play music. You might even hear music in an office or a farm.
Scientists believe that music affects the way people behave. According to some scientists, the sound of western classical music (Mozart and Bach) makes people feel richer. When a restaurant plays classical music, people spend more money on food and drinks .When the restaurant plays modern music, people spend less money. With no background music, people spend even less.
Scientists also believe that loud, fast music makes people eat faster .People actually chew their food faster when the music gets faster. Some restaurants play fast music during their busy hours. This gets people to eat faster and leave quickly. Restaurants can make more money this way.
Some scientists think that music makes you think and learn better. They say that music helps students to be more alert. It is true that people learn better when they are relaxed. And listening to music can help you relax.
The next time you hear music somewhere, be careful. It might change the way you behave.
Affects: changes
Behave: act, do things
Loud: having a strong sound
将英语译成中文(简体)
昨天你去哪了？你听到这些地方的音乐吗？有一个很好的改变，你没有。今天，大多数商店和餐厅播放音乐。你甚至可以在办公室或听到一个农家乐。
科学家认为，音乐影响人们的行为。根据一些科学家，西方古典音乐（莫扎特，巴赫）的声音使人感到更加富裕。当餐厅演奏古典音乐，人们花费在食物和饮料更多的钱。当餐馆播放现代音乐，人们花更少的钱。没有背景音乐，人们花费更少。
科学家们还认为，大声，快节奏的音乐让人们吃更快。实际上人们咀嚼食物时更快的音乐变快。有些餐馆在繁忙时间播放快节奏的音乐。这让人们吃的快，赶快离开。餐馆可以赚更多的钱这种方式。
一些科学家认为，音乐让你更好地思考和学习。他们说，音乐可以帮助学生提高警觉。诚然，人们学得更好时，心情很轻松。而听音乐能帮助你放松。
下次你听到音乐的地方，要小心。它可能改变你的行为举止。
Lesson 2 Blues and Jazz
People from Europe and America brought Africans to America as slaves before and during the nineteenth century. These Africans brought their music with them. After the American Civil War (1861-1865), the African American people in the United Sates were not slaves. Their African American music became famous. It started in the South, in Louisiana and Mississippi. Then it traveled to the North. This music became the blues and then jazz.
Blues and jazz became very popular in the twentieth century.
A person who "sings the blues" feels sad. Usually, he or she lost something - a person or maybe money or a job. Blues express sad feelings sometimes in a funny way. People played blues first with only one or two instruments, for example, a guitar, a harmonica, or sometimes a piano. Sometimes they sang without any instruments. Some famous blues musicians are Bessie Smith, John Lee Hooker, and B.B. King.
Jazz came soon after blues. Composers added more musical instruments. Jazz can be happier and is often faster. Some famous jazz musicians are Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, and Wynton Marsalis.
Musicians who play blues and jazz change the music to show their emotions. They play the music differently each time.
Today people all over the world still like to listen to blues and jazz because all people have strong emotional feelings sometimes.
第2课布鲁斯和爵士乐
来自欧洲和美国人民作为奴隶的非洲人和美洲之前，在十九世纪。这些非洲人带来了他们的音乐。之后，美国南北战争（1861-1865），在美国非洲裔美国人不是奴隶。他们的非裔美国人音乐名声大振。它起源于南方，在路易斯安那州和密西西比州。然后前往北方。这成为了蓝调音乐，然后爵士乐。
布鲁斯和爵士乐变得非常在二十世纪流行。
当一个人唱蓝调感到伤心。通常情况下，他或她失去了一些东西- 一个人或者金钱或工作。布鲁斯表示哀伤的情绪有时在一个有趣的方式。只有一个人玩或两台仪器蓝调第一，例如，吉他，口琴，有时一个钢琴。有时他们唱没有任何工具。一些著名音乐家的忧郁在贝西史密斯，约翰李胡克，和BB King。
爵士队来到后不久，布鲁斯。作曲家增加了更多的乐器。爵士可以更快乐，而且往往更快。一些著名的爵士乐音乐家艾灵顿公爵，路易斯阿姆斯特朗，迈尔斯戴维斯和温顿马萨利斯。
音乐家谁玩布鲁斯和爵士音乐的变化来显示自己的情绪。他们玩的音乐不同，每次。
世界各地的今天，人们仍然喜欢听蓝调和爵士乐，因为所有的人都有强烈的情感和情绪的时候。
Lesson 3 Rock and roll
Rock and roll came from jazz and the blues during the 1950s.one of the firstrock and roll songs was Bill Haley’s “Rock Around the Clock.” One of the first very famous rock and roll singers was Elvis Presley. Others were Buddy Holly and Chuck Berry. Now almost every country has many rock and roll bands and singers. Sometimes performers call their music by different names, like “rap” or “punk.” They sing and play mixtures of rock and roll and talking or other sounds. Rap and punk both came from rock and roll, or rock music.
Some fans who like rock music think that classical music is boring. Many fans play rock music very loudly. They forget about the people who enjoy soft music. Loud music can make these people nervous. Many fans also like to dance to rock and roll.
When rock and roll was new, people had only records to play the music at home. After that, people used cassette tapes and records. Now we listen to music on compact discs (often called CDs). Most modern bands and singers pay companies to make videos of their songs. With videos, fans can see the performers at the same time that they listen to the music. Making a recording and the video that goes with it is very expensive.
摇滚来自爵士乐和布鲁斯期间第一个岩石1950s.one和滚动歌曲是比尔海利的“摇滚不停地工作。“第一个非常著名的摇滚歌手之一，并推出了埃尔维斯普雷斯利。另一些人巴迪霍利和Chuck浆果。现在几乎每个国家都有很多摇滚乐队和歌手。有时表演者以不同的名字叫他们的音乐，如“说唱“或“朋克。“他们又唱又玩摇滚乐和说话或其他声音的混合物。说唱和朋克都来自摇滚乐，或摇滚音乐。
一些球迷认为谁喜欢摇滚音乐，古典音乐很无聊。许多球迷大声播放摇滚音乐。他们忘了人谁喜欢轻柔的音乐。嘈杂的音乐可以使这些人感到紧张。很多球迷也喜欢跳舞的摇滚乐。
当摇滚乐是新的，人们只记录在家里玩音乐。在此之后，人们经常使用盒式录音带和记录。现在，我们听取他们对音乐光盘（通常称为CD）的。大多数现代的乐队和歌手支付公司利用他们的歌曲视频。随着视频，球迷们可以在同一时间看到的表演，他们听着音乐。制作录音和视频与它去是非常昂贵的。
Lesson 4 Country-Western Music
Country western music is very old. It came from the USA, Canada, Ireland and Great Britain. Country-western music is a mixture of music from all of these places.
In the American West, cowboys (牛仔)had to take care of the cattle. They had to watch them all day and all night because the cattle were nervous and sometimes ran away. A cowboy’s life was lonely and dangerous. When he was alone with the cattle, he drank strong coffee to stay awake at night. He also sang music to the cattle to calm them. He sang about the stars and the moon, about his family and his friends. The cattle listened to the cowboy and went to sleep. They did not run away if he sang beautiful, peaceful music.
The cowboys also sang music when they traveled to town to relax and have a good time. Sometimes they played either guitars or harmonicas. Later they used violins and other instruments.
In the America South, many people came from Ireland, Scotland, and England. Other people came from French Cannda. They enjoyed their own kind of music. They also added instruments from their homes, like bottle, cans, and spoons. When they visited their friends and families on hplidays like Thanksgiving, they usually sang and played country music.
Country-western music describes life. It talks about love, jobs, home, and money. People in many parts of the world like country-western music because everyone knows something about these ideas. Also, many fans of this music wear western clothes and dance together to country-western music. Many bands all over the world now perform country-western music.
Lesson 5 Latin Music and Salsa
Latin music is very common in countries where people speak Spanish or Portuguese. However, people all over the world can enjoy it. This music comes from Mexico, the Caribbean, Central American, and South America. Salsa is one kind of Latin music. Big cities like Miami, New York, San Juan, Havana, and Panama City have their own kinds of salsa.
Latin music is a mixture of European music and African music. It has a strong beat. Many years ago, people played Latin music mostly on guitars with drums, but now whole orchestras with lots of other instruments play it. Composers of Latin music express their feelings in their music. Sometimes they are very happy, and sometimes they are sad. Ruben Blades and Juan Luis Guerra are two famous modern Latin American composers. They perform their own music with their own orchestras.
People play salsa and other Latin music at home or when they visit their friends. Sometimes salsa fans play cards in the afternoon or at night on weekends or holidays while they listen to Latin music. Some people bring guitars and play them while they sing. The other people relax and enjoy the music, but they don’t stop playing cards. They roast or bake food in the oven or fry it on top of the stove in oil. When the food is ready, they stop playing cards. They listen to the music while they eat. The food tastes good.
People who dance enjoy Latin music because it is easy to dance to. The beat is very strong. Dancers can move their whole bodies. They can dance alone or with someone. Other people enjoy listening to Latin music. Usually the words are in Spanish or Portuguese, but sometimes they are in English or another language. Many Latin songs have beautiful words, but if a person does not understand them, it is not important. A person can still enjoy the music. The sound is international.
Lesson 1 Work Hours
Many people say that they are working too many hours. They don’t have enough time with their families. They can’t take care of thing at home. They don’t have time to relax.
Work hours vary from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1646 hours a year at work. In Japan, however, people work about 2159 hours a year. That means a Japanese employee works 513 more hour a year than a French employee. That is more than 12 weeks, or three months, of extra work!
Why do people work so many hours? Some people work extra hours because they want to earn more money. However, many companies don’t pay for extra work. These people work extra hours because they think it’s their duty. Some people are afraid they will lose their job if they don’t work extra hours.
Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France, people get five weeks of paid vacation. In Germany, they get from four to six weeks. In the United States, two weeks of vacation is the average. Many people don’t even use all of their vacation days. In one study in Great Britain, fewer than half of workers used all their vacation days. In English, people say, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” If that is true, there are a lot of dull people in the world.
Lesson 2 Salaries
In the United States, you probably shouldn’t ask the question “How much money do you earn?” Many people think that their salary is private information. However, you can find out the typical salary for different jobs on the Internet.
What are the best-paying jobs? In the United States, doctors, dentists, and pilots get the highest salaries. Why is that? Maybe it’s because it takes many years of study to enter these professions. Which jobs pay the lowest salaries? All of the lowest-paying jobs are connected to food. Cooks in fast-food restaurants and waiters get the lowest salaries in the United States.
Of course, your salary is not just the money you earn every week or month. In many jobs, you get a salary and benefits. Benefits are the extra things your employer gives you. Common benefits are health insurance and paid vacations. Benefits equal about 25% of an employee’s salary. For example, a person with a salary of ＄40000 plus benefits is really earning about ＄50000. That’s a lot of extra money!
娟子我只找到了这么点，剩下的某要是有找到的，拜托拿出来晒晒，谢谢！！！！！！！！！！
同是初一十九班的银，加油！将YING老的邪恶作业KKKKKKK。。。K到底！！！
第4课西部乡村音乐
国家的西部音乐是很老。它来自美国，加拿大，爱尔兰和英国。西部乡村音乐是一种音乐所有这些地方的混合物。
在美国西部，牛仔（牛仔）已采取的牛照顾。他们，看着他们整天整夜，因为牛被紧张，有时跑了。一个牛仔的生活是孤独和危险的。当他与牛人时，他喝浓咖啡，就在晚上保持清醒。他还唱音乐来平息他们的牲畜。他唱关于星星和月亮对他的家人和他的朋友。牛群听取了牛仔睡觉去了。他们不跑的路程，如果他唱美好，和平的音乐。
牛仔们还唱音乐时，他们来到城里，有一个放松的好时机。有时，他们无论是吉他或口琴演奏。后来他们用小提琴和其他文书。
在南美洲，许多人来自爱尔兰，苏格兰和英格兰。其他的人来自法国Cannda。他们享受他们自己的音乐。他们还添加了自己的家园一样，瓶，罐，勺文书。当他们参观了hplidays像感恩节他们的朋友和家人，他们通常演唱和弹奏了乡村音乐。
西部乡村音乐描述生活。它谈论爱情，工作，家庭，和金钱。如在西部乡村音乐世界许多地方的人，因为大家都知道这些想法的东西。此外，这个音乐的爱好者穿西式服装，舞蹈，共同西部乡村音乐。世界各地的许多乐队现在执行西部乡村音乐。
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《中学生百科英语1——Facts & Figures))注重学生词汇量的扩大和阅读理解能力的提高。本书侧重学生理解文章主旨大意能力和通过上下文理解词义的能力。使用本书的学生需要掌握500个左右基础词汇，本书词汇量共1380个，其中重点学习单词500余个。.
《中学生百科英语1——Facts & Figures》的指导思想
主题式阅读。本书的7个单元每个单元都围绕一个主题，如动物、植物、探险、职业等。
系统地呈现和复现词汇。英语学习处于初级阶段的学生的首要任务之一是构建一个常用的基础词库。本书每单元有12个左右新词，用粗体表示。其中下划线的单词页边有图示或文字注释。所有这些生词都在本课(包括练习)中多次出现，并在以后的课文中系统地复现。
有针对性的语法结构。本书前两个单元只用一般现在时，并以短句为主。第3单元介绍了一般过去时，第5单元介绍了现在进行时。其他用到的时态仅有过去进行时和将来时的will与going to形式。其他语法形式涉及主语、宾语、所有格和反身代词。本书用到的连词或连接副词有and，but，so，then，because，or和when等。通过使用这些词，课文中可以使用稍长的句子，但仍然让学生感到容易阅读。
《中学生百科英语1——Facts & Figures》的体例结构
本书共分7个单元，每个单元有5课，含有大量的练习和活动。
“望文生义”(Context Clues)。从第2单元起，每单元最开始都有一个词汇热身训练：通过上下文推断词义。预习一些课文中将出现的非常重要的词汇。
设问导读(“Before You Read”Questions)。阅读前的问题，充分调动学生思维活动，激发学生阅读兴趣。
词汇练习(Vocabulary)。练习了本课所有的生词。本题中的句子是课文中的原句，主要目的是让学生再次阅读这些句子，并书写新单词。
新语境下的词汇练习(Vocabulary：New Context)。这是词汇练习的第二步：利用课文以外的句子练习课文中学习的生词。
词汇复习(Vocabulary Review)。通过填空、同义词、反义词等练习形式，复习以前学过的词汇。
问答(Questions)。根据课文内容设置的问答题。前面带星号的问题文章中没有直接答案，需要经过分析或者讨论才能得出答案。
阅读理解(Comprehension)。这是根据课文内容设置的正误判断或多项选择题。带星号的题目表示需要推理或讨论。
课文大意(Main Idea)。要求从三个选项中选出最能体现课文大意的一句。
词形变化(Word Study)。这一栏目出现在每个单元的末尾，主要强化(而非完整系统地解释)一些语法点，如代词的使用、动词的变化、形容词的比较级和最高级、名词复数、构词法等。
写作(Writing)。每个Word Study栏目最后一个是写作练习，针对本单元的阅读内容，提出几个问题供学生思索、调研、抒发己见。大多数写作问题都为学生发表自己的观点提供了舞台，教师可以选择一些题目进行课堂讨论，既提高学生口语能力，又帮助学生形成健全的情感、态度、价值观。
扩展活动(Extension Activities)。每个单元的最后部分都有一组趣味性强、互动式、开放式的活动，帮助学生使用新学的词汇与技能。这些活动包括以下三项内容：
CNN聚焦录像(CNN Video Highlights)：这是扩展活动的核心部分，由一段从CNN所有真实录像材料中精心选出的短片及练习组成。这段短片与本单元的阅读同一主题。练习活动共分三部分：..
Before You Watch鼓励学生回想自己原有的经验或从课文阅读中获得的背景知识。
. As You Watch要求学生在观看短片时注意短片的话题和主要内容。
After You Watch要求学生掌握录像片中的要点，并将其与课文内容、自己已有的经验、个人观点和看法相联系，在提升语言能力的同时，获得更多情感体验。
我们一起做游戏(Activity Page)：这是一个愉快的游戏栏目。它使学生在轻松愉快的氛围中复习本单元所学的词汇和结构。
词典好帮手(Dictionary Page)：本部分活动帮助学生熟悉并学会充分利用词典功能。作为例子的词条引自The Basic Newbury House Dictionary词典。
技能索引(Skills Index)。书后所附的Skills Index能够让教师和学生很方便地查出本书所有的阅读与写作技能以及课文中出现的所有的语法点。
新版变化说明
这套深受教师学生喜爱的读物教材更加完善了!新版(原版已是第4版)Facts & Figures包含了新的阅读材料、新的教学理念和新的辅助材料。
第5单元的阅读全部更新，换成更贴近学生生活的“工作与休闲”主题。
全书共更换了10篇文章，让学生读到更有趣的话题。新换的文章如下：
Unit 2，Lesson 1：Why Do We Yawn?
Unit 2，Lesson 2：Why Do People Laugh?
Unit 3，Lesson 5：TheCoffeePlant
Unit 4，Lesson 1：Music and Behavior
Unit 5，Lesson 1：Work Hours
Unit 5，Lesson 2：Salaries
Unit 5，Lesson 3：Family-Friendly Companies
Unit 5，Lesson 4：Work Clothes
Unit 5，Lesson 5：Time Off
Unit 7，Lesson 5：Sailing Alone
全书每篇课文都对内容的真实性和时效性重新进行了核实，每篇文章都进行了改写，使词汇和语法项目的分级更为合理。
新增了搭配练习，帮助学生理解单词怎样组合在一起，增强整体运用能力。
新的教学设计、照片、图示帮助学生增强理解、降低阅读难度。
单元测试题帮助教师评估学生的进步或学生自测。
